CHOOSE AN ARTICLE ABOUT CURRICULUM DESIGN (ANY ASPECT YOU ARE INTERESTED IN) EVALUATE AND ANALIZE THE ARTICLE.

ROLE OF TEACHERS’ IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHER EDUCATION

I am interesting in this article because now a days I think to get better education depends on the teacher, parents, authorities, curriculum that is applied in every institution and all education system. Teacher  Education  offers  a  platform  to  learners -teachers  to  get  the  necessary Knowledge, skill and develop positive attitude, values, beliefs and also behavior.  This can be done with the help of the provided curriculum. And the quality of teacher produced in any institution depends on the curriculum offered to them during the period.
The role of teachers is principal in curriculum in the process of curriculum development    The process  of curriculum framing and preparation of textbooks be decentralized so as to increase teachers’  involvement  in  these  tasks.    Decentralization should mean greater autonomy within the state/district. As  curriculum  is  the  best  mean  of  overall  development  of  students.  Teacher is a facilitator among curriculum and students. She/he knows several needs of students, educational institutions, parents (stakeholders) it depends where she/he is working, every community or place have different necessity.

IMPORTANCE OF CURRICULUM IN TEACHER EDUCATION 

Curriculum plays a main role in the field of teacher education. Curriculum is the
Planned interaction of learners with instructional content, materials, resources, methods and processes or manner for evaluating the reach of educational objectives. A curriculum guides the instructional lessons that teachers use. Also it defines what the learners will learn and can possibly guide when the learner learns the information, data or evidence from the lesson. Likewise a curriculum offers to the teachers the ideas and strategies for assessing student progress.  Students must know certain academic requirements in order to go to the next level, topic or theme.  Without   a  curriculum,  teachers  cannot  be certain  that  they  have  supplied the  necessary  knowledge  or  the opportunity  for  student  to get success  at  the  next  level, year  whether that  the  levels involve a high school, college or career. 

Curriculum can help students to accomplish some personal control  over  their learning, knowledge,  and  to  achieve  their  time  effectively,  and  demonstrate  Active  Learning. 
Learners sometimes conceive of learning as the acquisition of correct information, but most of them do not know what it means or what the appropriate role is in the teaching- learning process. If the learners know what is curriculum, For what is it,  students may be given some ideas about what they should already know and what skills they should already have in their mains before taking a course or in their new institution, universities or schools  so they will be able to continue studying in whatever place.

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 

It is a process of creating planned syllabus, teaching, training, and exhibition manners. It is a term used to refer to the process of instituting and putting in place precise guidelines of instruction for the curriculum.  It describes  ways in which  teaching and  different  training  organizations  plan  and  guide  learning  which  can  be  in  groups  or  as  an  individual. However In  their eyes, it is something undertaken by authorities (e.g., regional advisory committee members) with  years  of  experience  in  the  teacher  education  system. For example now a days engineers, architects, lawyers want to be teachers but I think they do not know anything about methodology or strategies they are going to apply in Teaching- Learning.  The expectation of the teacher candidates, often enough, is that they will learn how to teach and thereby become effective at transmitting the knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with a particular subject or program. Successful practice in the classroom is inseparably in curriculum development, everyday decisions about both what to teach and how to teach.
Curriculum preparation involves systematic data, content, selection, collection, assessment, organization. Design  factors  includes  school  (levels,  types,  Structures),  educational  technology,  systemic  vocational,  social  reconstruction,  moreover Curriculum  design,  analysis  of  social  needs, translating  the needs  into Course/general/learning/terminal  objectives, splitting  the  objectives into specific objectives, grouping the specific objectives into subjects, deriving the subjects from  the  above  classification,    specifying  enabling  objectives,  unitizing  each  subject  matter, specification of required time, and syllabus formulation. In addition Curriculum development phases consist of Instructional development, Materials, media development, Methods of teaching, testing, assessment etc.


THE CHALLENGES IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

There are varieties of challenges facing curriculum development, but in general they are
classified  into  three types,  global  challenges  (external), internal  challenges  of  the education  systems, and challenges specific to Region.
Respect to  the  external  challenges,  curriculum  planners should  response  to  eight critical processes: the process of globalization, accelerated pace of scientific and technological  progress,  radical transformation  in  the  work  field, increasing  social  inequalities,  progress  of  democracy and human rights, multi-culturalism, the feeling of insecurity, and moral decline.
Next type of challenge  may  be  summarized  as:  universal  literacy, shortage of highly skilled human resources, reconciling traditional orientation of education with the aspiration for modernity, privatization of schools and diversification of the economy etc.

ROLE OF TEACHER IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT 

Teachers know all about their students for example , teachers  know  the  needs  of  all  education system. They can understand the psychology of the learner.  They are conscious about the teaching methods and  teaching  strategies.   They also  play the  role  as  evaluator for  the assessment  of  learning outcomes.    So  teachers  must  possess  some  qualities  such  as  planner,  designer,  manager,  evaluator, researcher, facilitator, decision maker and administrator etc.  Teachers play the respective role for every step of curriculum development process.  Curriculum  planning involves  analysis  of philosophy,  social  forces, needs,  goals  and Objectives, treatment of knowledge, human development, learning process, instruction, and decision.
 
CONCLUSION

Curriculum   is intellectual and research activity.  It  needs  the  skillful programmers  for  planning,  developing,  designing,  implementing,  evaluation  and  improving phase. Facilitators play a key role in the system education and it is very hard job to the teachers because They know the  needs  of  all  participants  of  education. Also they can understand the psychology of the learner whether all problems that learners have. Moreover Teachers are conscious about the teaching methods and  teaching  strategies are applying to get success in Teaching – Learning.   Teachers besides how to evaluate, the  assessment of  learning  outcomes.  Teacher can be worked as planner, designer, facilitator, manager, programmer, implementer,  coordinator, decision maker, evaluator, researcher in some cases as a clown etc. so teachers play a very important role in the process of curriculum development. 

HIGHLIGHT THE MOST IMPORTANT POINTS AND YOUR BIGGEST TAKEAWAYS FROM THE LESSON

This is brief introduction about curriculum. It is the crux of the whole education process or system, without curriculum teachers cannot conceive any educational Endeavour, so it is a literal sense, towards a goal. Now curriculum is what happens during the course like lecture, demonstrations, field visits, and the work with the students and so on.

What is curriculum?

Curriculum refers to all those activities, contents in which students engage under the auspices of each institution. This includes not only what students learn, but how they learn it, how teachers help them learn, using supporting materials, strategies, styles and methods of assessment, and in what kind of facilities to get a good teaching- learning.

Curriculum is an effort to communicate the principal features of an educational proposal in such a manner that it is open to critical scrutiny and proficient of effective translation into practice. 

There are three facets of curriculum.

Ø  Goals and purposes

Ø  Process of curriculum

Ø  Evaluation of procedures

Determinants of curriculum

Ø  Basic needs

Ø  Social aspects

Ø  Cultural factors individual talents

Ø  Ideals, intellectual, moral etc.

Ø  Religion

Ø  Traditions

Some steps to do a curriculum

·         Diagnosis of needs

·         Formulation of objectives

·         Select the content

·         Organization the content

·         Select of learning experience

·         Organization of learning experience

·         Determinate of what to evaluate.

Who participate in the curriculum committee?

v  Parents

v  Curriculum policy

v  Communities

v  Laws educational researchers

v  Teacher educators

v  Publishers

v  Projects directors

v  Authorities

v  Students from each different part of the community to see the reality from this place.

Models of curriculum

To understand what is model of a curriculum here is a little explanation. It is formal in design a curriculum developing to meet needs, contexts or the purposes in order to address these goals, curriculum developers, design, reconfigure, or rearrange one or more key curriculum components.

The Tyler model

It is one of the best know curriculum model. It introduced in 1949. He propose four questions.

1-      What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?

2-      What education experience can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?

3-      How can these educational experience be effectively organized?

4-      How can we determine whether these purpose are being attained?

The Taba model

Another model in curriculum development was proposed by Taba in 1962. She argue that there was a definite order in creating a curriculum. She believe that teachers, who teach the curriculum. Also she participate in a model called grass- roots in which teachers would have major input.

The following steps she followed were:

§  Diagnosis of need

§  Formulation of objectives

§  Selection of content

§  Organization of content

§  Selection of learning experience

§  Organization of learning activities

§  Evaluation and means of evaluation

The Saylor Model

It was in 1974. According to this model a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities to achieve broad educational goals and related specific objectives.

The step are the following:

·         Goals, objectives and domains

·         Curriculum design

·         Curriculum implementation

·         Evaluation. Finally

Types of curriculum  

Null curriculum

Teachers do not teach thus giving students the message that these elements are not important in their educational experiences in the society. In others words curriculum does not exists.

Hidden curriculum

It includes the norms and values of surrounding society. It is not explicitly taught but is part of what molds the school/ university or institution environment.

Rhetorical curriculum

It is comprised from ideas offered by policymakers, school official, administrators or politicians. It may also come from the publicized works offering updates in pedagogical knowledge.  

PROPOSE A QUESTION TO SOMETHING YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND OR SHARE SOMETHING THAT YOU NOW UNDERSTAND.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS?

At the beginning I am a little confuse with the definitions or difference between these both definitions. When I began classes about Curriculum Design with my professor Karli, she explained to me something comprehensible.  Following have some definitions and extra information about them.

Syllabus is described as the summary of the topics covered or units to be taught in the particular subject. Also, it is descriptive in nature, or is set for a particular subject.  While Curriculum refers to the overall content taught in an educational system or a course. Also curriculum is prescriptive.

Curriculum is a theoretical document and refers to the programmer of studies in an educational system or institution.

Curriculum deals with the abstract general goals of education which reflect the overall educational and cultural philosophy of a country, national and political trends as well as a theoretical orientation to language and language learning.

A curriculum provides information on:

Ø  the goals of education,

Ø  subjects to be taught,

Ø  activities learners should be engaged in (how)

Ø  methods and materials,

Ø  a allocation of time and resources and assessment of students and of the curriculum itself.

A syllabus is more localized and is based on the accounts and records of what actually happens at the classroom level as teachers and students apply a curriculum to their situation.

At its simplest level a syllabus can be described as a statement of what is to be learnt. Syllabus refers to the content or subject matter of an individual subject.

It is a detailed and operational document which specifies the content of a particular subject. It is a kind of plan which translates the abstract goals of the curriculum into concrete learning objectives.

While a curriculum is a theoretical, policy document, a syllabus is a guide for teachers and learners that indicates what is to be achieved through the process of teaching and learning.

Syllabus should include

Narrow view of syllabus design: a syllabus is only concerned with the specification of learning objectives and the selection and grading of content.

The broader view argues that a syllabus is not only concerned with the selection and grading of content but also with the selection of learning tasks and activities. In other words, syllabus design is also concerned with methodology.

Requirements in a syllabus

The course plan should provide an accessible framework of the knowledge and skills on which teachers and learners will work.

It should offer a sense of continuity and direction in the teacher’s and learners’ work.

It should represent a retrospective account of what has been achieved.

It should provide a basis on which learner progress may be evaluated.

It should be sufficiently precise so that it may be assessed through implementation as being more or less appropriate for its purposes and users.

It is a document of administrative convenience and will only be partly justified on theoretical grounds, and so is negotiable and adjustable.

Welcome

Welcome to our class blog on Curriculum Design! Here you will be able to find interesting articles, reflections, ICT related to our curriculum goals, and videos of our processes as we navigate this month-long class.